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Background@#and Purpose Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) efficacy has not been well demonstrated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) beyond 4.5 hours after onset. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous TNK for AIS within 4.5 to 24 hours of onset. @*Methods@#In this pilot trial, eligible AIS patients with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch were randomly allocated to intravenous TNK (0.25 mg/kg) or standard care within 4.5–24 hours of onset. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score of 0–1). The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). @*Results@#Of the randomly assigned 80 patients, the primary endpoint occurred in 52.5% (21/40) of TNK group and 50.0% (20/40) of control group, with no significant difference (unadjusted odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.66; P=0.82). More early neurological improvement occurred in TNK group than in control group (11 vs. 3, P=0.03), but no significant differences were found in other secondary endpoints, such as mRS 0–2 at 90 days, shift analysis of mRS at 90 days, and change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours and 7 days. There were no cases of sICH in this trial; however, asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 of the 40 patients (7.5%) in the TNK group. @*Conclusion@#This phase 2, randomized, multicenter study suggests that intravenous TNK within 4.5–24 hours of onset may be safe and feasible in AIS patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch.
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Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
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Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , China/epidemiology , Mutation , HIV-1/genetics , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , GenotypeABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms and haplotypes of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 ( CDKN2 B- AS1) gene and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods:From January 2012 to January 2021, a total of 534 UC patients diagnosed at the Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Yuying Children′s Hospital) and during the same period 560 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were selected. Genotypes of CDKN2 B- AS1 (rs1063192, rs10757274, rs10757278, rs1333048, rs2383207) in venous blood were determined by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique. Unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the difference in the distribution of CDKN2 B- AS1 gene polymorphisms between UC patients and healthy controls, as well as the influence on the clinicopathologic characteristics of UC patients. Software Haploview 4.2 was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The frequencies of variant genotype (AG+ GG) and variant allele (G) of rs1063192 in UC patients were higher than those in healthy controls (32.4%, 173/534 vs. 24.8%, 139/560; 18.1%, 193/1 068 vs. 13.7%, 153/1 120), and the differences were statistically significant ( OR=1.45 and 1.40, 95% confidence interval(95% CI) 1.12 to 1.89 and 1.11 to 1.77, P=0.006 and 0.004, corrected P=0.030 and 0.020). The frequency of variant allele (G) of rs10757274 in UC patients was lower than that in healthy controls (34.7%, 371/1 068 vs. 39.5%, 442/1 120), and the difference was statistically significant ( OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.98, P=0.025). However, the difference was not significant after Bonferroni correction (corrected P>0.05). According to the Montreal classification, the frequency of homozygous variant genotype (GG) of rs1063192 in the patients with extensive colitis was higher than that in patients with proctitis plus left-sided colitis (6.6%, 14/211 vs. 1.9%, 6/323), and the difference was statistically significant ( OR=3.92, 95% CI 1.47 to 10.42, P=0.006, corrected P=0.030). There was linkage disequilibrium among rs10757274, rs2383207, rs10757278 and rs1333048 of CDKN2 B- AS1 gene. The frequency of haplotype GGGC in UC patients was lower than that in healthy controls (33.3%, 355.5/1 068 vs. 37.8%, 423.4/1 120), and the frequency of haplotype AGGC in UC patients was higher than that in healthy controls (6.7%, 71.7/1 068 vs. 3.6%, 40.3/1 120), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=4.81 and 11.16, P=0.028 and<0.001). Conclusions:The variation of rs1063192 in CDKN2 B- AS1 gene may increase the risk of UC. The risk of extensive colitis in patients carrying homozygous variant genotype (GG) of rs1063192 may rise. Among the haplotypes composed of rs10757274, rs2383207, rs10757278 and rs1333048, the risk of UC may decrease in the individuals carrying haplotype GGGC. However, the risk of UC may increase in the individuals carrying haplotype AGGC. The correlation between the variation of 10757274 and the risk of UC still needs to be further verified by expanding the sample size.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and changing patterns of Schistosoma japonicum infections in goats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City, so as to provide the scientific data for the management of in livestock. Methods The S. japonicum infections were detected using a miracidial hatching test (one test for one stool specimen) in goats grazed in settings with snail habitats in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City at spring and autumn of each year from 2004 to 2019, and the prevalence and intensity of S. japonicum infections were estimated. Results A total of 21 836 goat stool samples were detected from 2004 to 2019, and 86 were positive for S. japonicum (0.39% prevalence). The highest prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats was seen in 2004 (1.25%) and no infections were detected in goats since 2013. S. japonicum-infected goats were identified in marshland-type endemic areas and plain regions with waterway networks, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in goats between these two types of endemic areas (0.50% vs. 0.15%; χ2 = 11.566, P < 0.05). The prevalence of S. japonicum infections was significantly greater in goats at ages of more than 10 months (0.51%) and over 10 months (0.44%) than in other goats (χ2 = 13.088, P < 0.05), and higher prevalence was found in autumn than in spring (0.54% vs. 0.27%; χ2 = 9.597, P < 0.05). In addition, there were 76.74% of S. japonicum-infected goats with intensity of“+++”and“++++”. Conclusions Although the high prevalence of S. japonicum infections has been effectively controlled in goats in Dantu District, goat remains to be an important source of S. japonicum infections that should be given a high priority for control to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the pregnancy outcomes between the spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy and the singleton pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology(ART).METHODS: A total of 121 cases of spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy,who received ART at the Reproductive Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 1,2008 to December 31,2017,were included in the study,and were divided into early and middle spontaneous reduction groups with 95 and 26 cases in each group.Simultaneously,320 women with a singleton pregnancy were recruited as controls.Characteristics compared included the general condition of pregnant women,preterm birth as well as obstetric pregnancy outcomes.RESULTS: The overall birth weight in middle spontaneous reduction group was lower than that in early spontaneous reduction group and control group[(2361.54±724.07)g,(3144.42±506.73)g,(3332.23±493.32)g](P0.05).CONCLUSION: Spontaneous reduction under ART is associated with lower birth weight and higher incidence of premature delivery,whereas middle spontaneous reduction is associated with increased adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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We constructed a home care platform for orthopedics,and clinical nurse specialists in orthopedics in Jiangsu Province opened online clinics on it.Patients with knee or hip joint replacement could be added to the platform,and the clinical nurse specialists provided patients with professional home care service when discharged.In the interviews of clinical nurse specialists,they said that the application of the platform was conducive to enhance their own values,and expressed their willingness to continue to use it.The joint function and quality of life scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.001).The application of the home care platform is conducive to give full play to the role of clinical nurse specialists to provide professional home care services for patients.
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Exosomes are nanosized small membrane microvesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types. Exosomes, through its carrying protein or RNA from derived cells, affect gene regulation networks or epigenetic reorganization of receptor cell, and then modulate the physiological processes of cells. Studies have shown that external exosomes secreted by breast cancer cells or other cells play an important role in the development of tumor, including cell migration, cell differentiation and the immune response, etc. In this article, the latest studies were summarized to provide an overview of current understanding of exosomes in breast cancer.
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Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Cell Movement , Exosomes , RNAABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the feasibility of using ultrasound‐mediated destruction of microbubbles ( US+ MB) to enhance the transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs) to confer chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) .Methods Bone marrow derived mononuclear cells were isolated and induced in vitro . The abdominal aorta transplantation was performed . Four groups were divided:control group without treatment (group A) ,injection with saline (group B) ,injection with EPCs (group C) ,group D ( US+MB+EPCs) was injected with EPCs and US was applied to MB prior to the infusion . All rats were killed during 8 weeks after transplantation to enable histological examination;SDF‐1α expression was detected by immunohistochemistry ,the expression of SDF‐1αand TNF‐αin the grafted aortas were detected with RT‐PCR . Results When 8 weeks after EPCs transplantation ,there was a significant improvement in aortic intima of Group D compared with Group B and C ,respectively ( P <0 .05) . In addition ,treatment of Group D significantly increased the expression of SDF‐1αand reduced the expression of TNF‐αin the grafted aortas . Conclusions US‐mediated MB destruction prior to EPCs transplantation into the grafted aortas can improves the effectiveness of endothelial repair and delay the progress of CAV .
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To investigate sub-health status of neonates in Heping Street Region and related risk factors. Then, 7436 maternal women admitted to hospital in Heping Street Region, Beijing were enrolled from October 2013 to September 2015, including 293 women, who gave birth to sub-health neonates. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect maternal age, education degree, experiences and income, occupation, life habit, condition in pregnancy, condition in perinatal period, adverse reaction in pregnancy, etc. Finally, 281 effective questionnaires were regained with effective regain rate of 95.90%. Compared with the occurrence rate of sub-health neonates between local population and floating population, correlation analysis and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis were conducted on the influence factors of sub-health neonates. The occurrence rate of sub-health neonates among floating population is higher than that among local population [1.10% [59/2641] V.S. 4.88% [234/4795]] with significant difference [P<0.05]. Correlation analysis showed that the differences in mother's age, family income, education degree, harmful factors in contact environment, prenatal care, history of adverse pregnancy, unhealthy metal factor, gestational diabetes, diseases history in pregnancy, drug history in pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease, pregnancy hypertension, premature rupture of fetal membranes, and circular of umbilical cord performed statistical significance [P<0.05]. Moreover, mother's age, premature rupture of fetal membranes, disease history in pregnancy, drug history in pregnancy and pregnancy hypertension are the influence factors for the risk of sub-health neonates, while high family income and healthcare in pregnancy are protective factors from the risk of sub-health neonates. All of these differences showed statistical significance [P<0.05]. The occurrence of sub-health neonates among floating population is higher than that among local population. Mother's age, premature rupture of fetal membranes, disease history in pregnancy, drug history in pregnancy, and pregnancy hypertension are major risk factors of sub-health neonates. Therefore, these results help us to take corresponding measures to improve the quality of newly-born population
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The present study was designed to determine the effects of Puer tea and green tea on blood glucose level. Male BALB/c mice were administered green tea extract (GTE) or Puer tea extract (PTE), either intragastrically or in their drinking water. The major components of these teas are epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, respectively. Blood glucose measurement results showed that mice fed intragastrically or mice that drank GTE, PTE or caffeine showed significantly lower blood glucose levels compared to the control group. However, EGCG exhibited no influence on the blood glucose levels. When caffeine was eliminated from the GTE and PTE, the effect on the blood glucose levels was abolished, but the effect was recovered when caffeine was re-introduced into the extracts. Evaluation of hematological and biochemical indices at the time of the greatest caffeine-induced decrease in blood glucose levels showed that the effect of caffeine was specific. Microarray analyses were performed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes treated with 0.1 mg · mL(-1) caffeine to identify factors that might be involved in the mechanisms underlying these effects. The results showed that few genes were changed after caffeine treatment in adipocytes, and of them only phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may be ralated to blood glucose. In conclusion, this study indicates that caffeine may be the key constituent of tea that decreases blood glucose levels, and it may be used to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Animals , Male , Mice , 3T3-L1 Cells , Adipocytes , Metabolism , Blood Glucose , Metabolism , Caffeine , Pharmacology , Camellia sinensis , Chemistry , Hypoglycemic Agents , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Phospholipid Transfer Proteins , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , TeaABSTRACT
The efficacy and safety of uric-acid-lowering therapy (UALT) on slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) accompanied by hyperuricemia were assessed. We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and Vip databases up to November 15, 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effect of UALT to control therapy in hyperuricemic patients secondary to CKD, and then performed quality evaluation and meta-analysis on the included studies. Seven RCTs involving 451 cases were included. UALT delayed the increase of serum creatinine (MD=-62.55 μmol/L, 95% CI: -98.10 to -26.99) and blood urea nitrogen (MD= -6.15 mmol/L, 95% CI: -8.17 to -4.13) as well as the decrease of glomerular filtration rate [MD=5.65 mL/(min·1.73 m2), 95% CI: 1.88 to 9.41], decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD= -6.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.67 to -0.49), and reduced the risk of the renal disease progression (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.46). However, there was no statistically significant difference in 24-h urinary protein quantity and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). We identified that UALT could delay the progression of CKD with secondary hyperuricemia. And this also indirectly proved that hyperuricemia was a risk factor for the CKD progression.
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Female , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure , Creatinine , Blood , Disease Progression , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Hyperuricemia , Blood , Therapeutics , PubMed , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Blood , Therapeutics , Risk Factors , Urea , Blood , Uric Acid , BloodABSTRACT
The efficacy and safety of uric-acid-lowering therapy (UALT) on slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) accompanied by hyperuricemia were assessed. We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang and Vip databases up to November 15, 2012 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effect of UALT to control therapy in hyperuricemic patients secondary to CKD, and then performed quality evaluation and meta-analysis on the included studies. Seven RCTs involving 451 cases were included. UALT delayed the increase of serum creatinine (MD=-62.55 μmol/L, 95% CI: -98.10 to -26.99) and blood urea nitrogen (MD= -6.15 mmol/L, 95% CI: -8.17 to -4.13) as well as the decrease of glomerular filtration rate [MD=5.65 mL/(min·1.73 m2), 95% CI: 1.88 to 9.41], decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD= -6.08 mmHg, 95% CI: -11.67 to -0.49), and reduced the risk of the renal disease progression (RR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.46). However, there was no statistically significant difference in 24-h urinary protein quantity and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). We identified that UALT could delay the progression of CKD with secondary hyperuricemia. And this also indirectly proved that hyperuricemia was a risk factor for the CKD progression.
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BACKGROUND:Cytokines secreted from neurons and glial cel s in early stage of spinal cord injury probably are essential factors for inducing secondary immunologic injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 on inflammatory reaction after acute spinal cord injury. METHODS:A total of 75 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and the spinal cord injury groups:1, 6, 24 and 72 hours. A rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury was established by the modified Al en weight drop method. The control group just underwent laminectomy. Injured spinal cord and spleen tissues were col ected at corresponding time points after model induction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the distribution and expressions of interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in spinal cord tissue. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the changes in p-STAT3 expression in injured spinal cord. RT-PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in the spleen. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression levels of p-STAT3, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 were significantly higher in the spinal cord injury groups than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of inflammatory cytokines increased immediately after injury. Interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 levels peaked at 6 hours, and then decreased. p-STAT3 and interleukin-17 levels peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased. The expression was stil higher at 72 hours than that in the control group. Results suggested that the expression of p-STAT3-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 in early stage increased. Inflammatory cascade would enlarge in the injured area, which probably induced secondary spinal cord injury and increased interleukin-17 levels. These possibly played a key role in secondary inflammatory reaction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect serum content of cofilin protein in patients with lung cancer and investigate its clinical value.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum content of cofilin protein was detected in 30 cases of lung cancer and 30 healthy control subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean serum content of cofilin protein was 0.485∓0.465 ng/ml in patients with lung cancer and 0.203∓0.102 ng/ml in the control subjects, showing a significant difference between them (P<0.05). The content of cofilin protein in patients with stage III and IV lung cancer 0.744∓0.584 ng/ml, significantly higher than that in stage II patients (0.257∓0.126 ng/ml).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum cofilin protein is elevated in patients with lung cancer, especially in cases in advanced stages, suggesting its relation with lung cancer staging.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Actin Depolymerizing Factors , Blood , Adenocarcinoma , Blood , Diagnosis , Pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Blood , Diagnosis , Pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Lung Neoplasms , Blood , Diagnosis , Pathology , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
Since plague is an important natural focus zoonosis, the typing of natural plague foci becomes one of the elements in understanding the nature and developing related prevention program of the disease. Natural foci of plague are composed by four fundamental parts which include Eco-geographical landscape (natural plague foci), hosts, vectors and pathogens (Yersinia pestis) that comprehensively interact through the large temporal scale of evolution. Human activities have had great impact on the foci of natural plague. Based on the published serial research papers, we tried to integrate the knowledge of each factor in natural plague foci and focusing on theoretical aspects, so as to strengthen the prevention and surveillance programs of plague to be extrapolated to other zoonosis.
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Animals , Biological Evolution , China , Epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs , Geography , Insect Vectors , Plague , Epidemiology , Yersinia pestis , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To group and characterize natural plague foci in China.Methods A novel two-class typing method as well as a three-indication nomenclature method were established to group and characterize the natural plague foci,on the basis of eco-geographical landscapes of plague foci,genetics of Yersinia pestis,zoology of rodent reservoirs and the entomology of flea vectors.Results A total of 12 distinct natural plague foci (including 19 subtypes) as well as their biological features were characterized.Conclusion Natural plague foci in China were grouped and characterized in this study.
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Objective To characterize the biological characteristics of natural vectors of Yesinia (Y.) pestis in China.Methods Species and genera of natural vectors of Y.pestis in China and their faunal distribution were characterized with modem insect taxonomic techniques.The ecological roles of natural vectors of Y.pestis in natural plague foci were determined according to insect ecological experiments.Results There were 63 species of natural vectors of Y.pestis including 28 major reservoirs and 35 secondary ones.Conclusion The biology characteristics of major vectors on Y.pestis and their roles in natural plague foci were defined.
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Objective To study the biological characteristics of natural reservoirs of Yesinia ( Y.) pestis in China.Methods Species and genera of natural reservoirs of E pestis in China and their faunal distribution were characterized with modem taxonomic techniques.The ecological roles of natural reservoirs of Y.pestis in the natural plague foci were determined according to the animal ecological experiments.Results There were 86 species of natural reservoirs of Y.pestis including 14 major reservoirs and 72 kinds of the secondary or occasional reservoirs.Conclusion The biological characteristics of major reservoirs of Y.pestis and their roles in natural plague foci were defined.
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Objective To study the eco-geographic landscapes of natural plague foci,in China.Methods According to the surveillance records on plague epidemics and the eco-geographic landscapes of natural plague foci based on the county level,the criterion for classifying the ecological geographic zone of Chinese natural plague foci was established.Results 12 types and 19 subtypes of eco-geographic landscapes on Chinese natural plague foci were identified.Conclusion Scientific basis for Chinese natural plague foci classification was provided.
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Objective To study the clinical significance of detection of infectivity index in patients before transfusion. Methods A total of 12 863 patients in hospital were examined for hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg),anti-hepatitis C virus(anti-HCV),anti-AIDS virus(anti-HIV)and treponemiasis test(TRUST)before operation and transfusion. Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HCV,anti-HIV and TRUST were 12.59%,1.90%,0.02%and 0.80%respectively.Conclusion The detection of infectivity index before transfusion has a very,important role in the prevention of blood transmissible disease and reduction or medical treatment dispute caused by infection after transfusion.